Первый:
The efficiency-wage and labor-extraction literatures have paid less attention to the intensity of supervision than to wage incentives themselves.
Второй:
As Bowles points out, the effectiveness of both supervision and wage incentives as extraction instruments in the capitalist firm depends on the "labor-extraction function" which applies to the production systems under observation.

Есть предположение, что это подбор персонала. Но уверенности в этом нет)

Как по Вашему, что это может быть?

...To express the cost function and the production and total sales function in the same terms, a third equation is required - the labor extraction function - representing the amount of labor done per hour of labor hired as a function of the costly inputs used to elicit work from workers.

Тут вроде место для взаимопомощи, а не для чтения нотаций)