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отрасль гляциологии, изучающая возникновение, развитие и исчезновение морских, озёрных и речных льдов, их физико-механические свойства и возможности искусственного разрушения stresses
Makarov.	branch of glaciology studying the origin, development and decay of sea ice, lacustrine and river ice, its physico-mechanical properties and possibilities of artificial destruction; the branch of glaciology studying the origin, development and decay of sea ice, lacustrine and river ice, its physico-mechanical properties and possibilities of artificial destruction